RLS in South Asia

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Centre for Labour Research and Action, India, Social Justice | 2026-05-13

From Gujarat’s Farms to Forks in the West: Tracing the Shrimp Global Commodity Chain

In economics, an oligopoly is defined as a situation where a limited number of competitors control the market for a product or service. Based on this definition, the food delivery platform sector in India can be defined in market terms as an oligopoly as two companies, Swiggy and Zomato, exercise dominant market control. According to the National Restaurant Association on India (NRAI) , the two companies between each other controlled 95% of the Indian market. Further, Swiggy controlled 70% of the South Indian market for food delivery, while Zomato controlled 70% of the North Indian market.

Centre for Labour Research and Action, India, Social Justice | 2026-03-02

Captive Labour in a Growing Industry: Migrant Workers on Surat's Shrimp Farms

India has emerged as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of farmed shrimp, supplying primarily to markets in the United States, Europe, and East Asia. While recent investigations and advocacy have focused on labour conditions in shrimp processing plants, the conditions of workers at the farm level, which is one of the initial tiers of the supply chain, remain largely invisible. This study seeks to fulfil this critical gap. Shrimp aquaculture in Gujarat, particularly in Surat district, has expanded rapidly over the last two decades, integrating coastal farms into global supply chains while relying heavily on seasonal migrant labour.